Lighting Circuits - Types of Switch
There are three basic types of switch used for lighting circuits.
One way switch
As seen previously, a one-way switch contains two terminals. When the switch is on, both terminals are connected together.
Typically, these terminals will be marked COM and L1, or sometimes L1 and L2. Either way, it does not matter which wire is connected where. Usually the permanemt live (from the supply) is connected to COM and the switched live (to the lamp) is connected to L1.
This is the most common type of switch, and is used where a light is controlled from a single switch.
Two way switch
An extension of the one way switch, this has three terminals. In one position, COM and L1 are connected just as in the one way switch. In the other position, COM and L2 are connected.
Note that L1 and L2 are never connected together.
Again, some makes of switch may have alternative markings such as L1 L2 and L3.
This type of switch is used where two switches control one light, such as at the top and bottom of a stairway. It can also be used as a one way switch, by using the COM and L1 terminals only.
Intermediate switch
This is used where three or more switches control one light. It is uncommon.
There are four terminals, usually L1, L1 and L2, L2. In one position, L1 and L2 are connected in pairs. In the other position, alternate pairs are connected. Refer to the diagram.
This can also be considered as two two-way switches combined.
In most domestic situations, this type of switch is not required or used. It can be used as a one or two way switch, but this is pointless as they usually cost much more than the one or two way types.
Alternative switch markings
Different manufacturers may use alternative markings on the switch. The diagram below shows some of these.
